This vast continent, believed to be the cradle of human civilization, is home today to over 50 countries and numerous ethnic groups, languages, and cultures, as well as many diverse ecosystems, including wetlands, deserts, and jungles. Many of Africa’s countries were formed by European colonizers in the late 19th century, and shaped before that by the Atlantic slave trade.
The turbulent history of South Africa, located on the continent’s southern tip, stands out as an example of this horrific legacy. Since the 1990s, the country has begun the process of shedding its long-established system of apartheid, or legal institutionalized racism, that was directed by Dutch and British colonizers towards the local Bantu people.